[18], People taking isoniazid and acetaminophen are at risk of acetaminophen toxicity. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! [21][24][25], Headache, poor concentration, weight gain, poor memory, insomnia, and depression have all been associated with isoniazid use. It has an empirical formula of C6H7N3O and a molecular weight of 137.14. 2018 Jun 7;9(8):1293-1304. doi: 10.1039/c8md00212f. [17] 2017 Aug 18;136:122-130. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.004. NIH [2], Common side effect include increased blood levels of liver enzymes and numbness in the hands and feet. Emergence of new forms of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis bacilli: super extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis or totally drug-resistant strains in iran. 1995 Jul 4;34(26):8235-41. doi: 10.1021/bi00026a004. The name isoniazid is derived from isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Vol. Tuberculosis (TB), which has been a scourge of humanity for thousands of years, is a worldwide pandemic disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Arzneimittel-Forschung. [51], InChI=1S/C6H7N3O/c7-9-6(10)5-1-3-8-4-2-5/h1-4H,7H2,(H,9,10). InhA Mechanism. [35], Valproate levels may increase when taken with isoniazid. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Vol. Miesel L, Rozwarski DA, Sacchettini JC, Jacobs WR Jr. Novartis Found Symp. JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. 106, Pg. [47] In another method, isoniazid was claimed to have been made from citric acid starting material. However, since rifampicin is broadly underdosed in M. avium complex treatment this effect may be worth re-investigating. Isoniazid is an ideal agent because it is bactericidal, easily administered, inexpensive, and relatively nontoxic in children. Crystallographic and pre-steady-state kinetics studies on binding of NADH to wild-type and isoniazid-resistant enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mechanisms for isoniazid action and resistance. Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Quémard A, Sacchettini JC, Dessen A, Vilcheze C, Bittman R, Jacobs WR Jr, Blanchard JS. 105, Pg. [23], Some recommend that liver function should be monitored carefully in all people receiving it,[16] but others recommend monitoring only in certain populations. Isoniazid is the most widely used antituberculosis medication. 81, Pg. Figure 1: Chemical structure of isoniazid (INH). 119, Pg. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. Copyright © 2017. Recent developments of coumarin-containing derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity. The drug was first tested at Many Farms, a Navajo community in Arizona, due to the Navajo reservation's tuberculosis problem and because the population had not previously been treated with streptomycin, the main tuberculosis treatment at the time. Isoniazid Structure-Activity Relationship. [8] Isoniazid is available as a generic medication. Molecules. Isoniazid may be used for dogs, but there have been concerns it can cause seizures. The emergence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR-TB) increase the challenges to eliminate TB worldwide. Vol. The height of the peaks depends on the ethnicities of the people being tested. Targets mycobacteria cell wall. [7] The World Health Organization classifies isoniazid as critically important for human medicine. [16][19], Up to 20% of people taking isoniazid experience peripheral neuropathy when taking doses of 6 mg/kg of weight daily or higher. Epub 2009 Apr 6. [2] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Khan R, Zeb A, Choi K, Lee G, Lee KW, Lee SW. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 28;9(1):15401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51895-2. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide is also used in chromatography to differentiate between various degrees of conjugation in organic compounds barring the ketone functional group. Isoniazid: Mechanism of Action. 1996 Jan-Feb;147(1-2):36-43. doi: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80201-4. 409, 1976. Isoniazid is the most widely used antituberculosis medication. Brown AK, Aljohani AKB, Gill JH, Steel PG, Sellars JD. [29][30], Isoniazid decreases the metabolism of carbamazepine, thus slowing down its clearance from the body. It has been suggested that the incorporation of lipophilic moieties into the framework of INH can increase permeation of the drug into bacterial cells, thereby enhancing the anti-TB. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 81, 1982. eCollection 2018 Aug 1. 26, Pg. 2019 Jan 11;24(2):251. doi: 10.3390/molecules24020251. INH is a prodrug activated by KatG INH enters the mycobacterial cell by passive diffusion (Bardou et al., 1998). [2], Isoniazid is often used to treat latent and active tuberculosis infections. 2009 Aug;136(2):420-425. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2427. Preventive therapy should be delayed until after giving birth. Modification of the NADH of the isoniazid target (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1 publication Molecular Weight (MW): 137.14 Isoniazid is a prodrug that blocks the action of fatty acid synthase by interacting with KatG, used for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus.