This complex binds tightly to the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase InhA, thereby blocking the natural enoyl-AcpM substrate and the action of fatty acid synthase. Prescott L.M., Harley J.P and Klein D.A (2005). Isoniazid is the most widely used antituberculosis drug. Talk to your doctor if you will be breast-feeding a baby during your treatment with isoniazid. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, alerts, new drug approvals and more. Mechanism Of Action. [2] It is usually taken by mouth but may be used by injection into muscle. This product passes into breast milk but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide is also used in chromatography to differentiate between various degrees of conjugation in organic compounds barring the ketone functional group. Finch R.G, Greenwood D, Norrby R and Whitley R (2002). Genetic studies in Mycobacterium smegmatis identified the inhA-encoded, NADH-dependent enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase as the primary target for this drug. Volume 1. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. McGraw Hill Publishers, USA. Metabolic Fingerprinting with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy: Towards a High-Throughput Screening Assay for Antibiotic Discovery and Mechanism-of-Action Elucidation. Microbiology. And this is why most TB treatment today involves the administration of two or more effective drugs used simultaneously, and this helps to prevent the emergence of tubercle bacilli resistant to each of the drugs. List Isoniazid side effects by likelihood and severity. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use. [17] Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology: examination & board review (10th ed., p. 417). If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. © 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. Isoniazid Mechanism of action. This product may cause live bacterial vaccines (such as BCG vaccine) to not work as well. Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. [35], Valproate levels may increase when taken with isoniazid. Tateishi Y, Minato Y, Baughn AD, Ohnishi H, Nishiyama A, Ozeki Y, Matsumoto S. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 25;10(1):5449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62287-2. [10] Black and Hispanic women are at higher risk for isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. For latent tuberculosis it is often used by itself. 8th edition. Importantly, the definition of multidrug resistance (MDR) in TB is based on the resistance of MTB strains to INH and rifampicin (RIF). This complex binds tightly to the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase InhA, thereby blocking the natural enoyl-AcpM substrate and the action of fatty acid synthase. Isoniazid: an update on the multiple mechanisms for a singular action. When treating active TB, isoniazid must be used with other TB medicines. The risk of liver problems is highest in adults between the ages of 35 and 65. Isoniazid is thought to induce a liver enzyme which causes a larger amount of acetaminophen to be metabolized to a toxic form. Denyer S.P., Hodges N.A and Gorman S.P (2004). by MicroDok. Doses do not usually have to be adjusted in case of renal failure.