Officially they are considered to be Russians, but the term “kamchadals” has been preserved in the living speech. Chukchi, Koryak and Alutor are spoken in easternmost Siberia by communities numbering in the dozens (Alutor) to thousands (Chukchi). [7] By the arrival of Bering’s second expedition to Kamchatka, the population had shrunk to approximately 10% of what it was prior to the arrival of the Cossacks. A common staple was fish eggs with willow or birch bark. In Lopatkan, a fermented berry drink was consumed, though there is no indication that any other Itelmen settlements created fermented drinks. [6], In 1706, senior governing officials were killed by a band of Koryaks and a period of general lawlessness abounded. Close ties of Itelmen with the Russian population of the peninsula promoted their joining the Russian culture. Atlasov resumed legal control, in an effort to reimpose law and order on the peninsula, after serving some time in jail. Itelmen tended to settle along the various rivers of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The name was used for the first time by Russian researchers Kamchatka Steller G. and Krasheninikov around the late 1730s. Thus an expedition to the southern tip of the peninsula and onto the Kuril Islands was conducted, led by Danila Antsiferov and Ivan Kozyrevsky. Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? They postulated a devil, who was called kamma, who was said to live in a tree outside Nizhnoi village, which was annually shot up with arrows. ○   Boggle. The name “Itelmen” means “dweller” or “living man.” In documents and also in literature of the eighteenth century the Itelmen were named Kamchadals. By 1993, there were less than 100 elderly speakers of the language left, but some 2,400 people considered themselves ethnic Itelmen in the 1989 census. Atlasov, who initially assumed the prisoner to be a Hindu from India, resulting in confusion over the word "Hondo" or Tokyo, had him sent to Moscow where Peter the Great had him establish a Japanese language school. The winter house, which was inhabited beginning in November, was dug into the soil 3–5 ft (0.91–1.5 m) in the shape of a rectangle. Most villages, in addition to summer and winter houses, contained straw huts built on the ground, which were used for cooking dog food, boiling salt from sea water and rendering fat. A. P. Volodin has published a grammar of the Itelmen language. All of them are united into fishing collective farms, and well equipped technically. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. The creative god was referred to as Kutka or Kutga. Change the target language to find translations. ), series prepared for the INSROP (International Northern Sea Route Programme) Working Paper No. According to the 2010 census, there were 3,193 Itelmen in Russia. We have created a browser extension. Though he is regarded as the creator of all things, Steller describes a complete lack of veneration for him. [8] The mountain gods were called gamuli or little souls, who resided in the high mountains, especially volcanoes. There are medical institutions, clubs, and schools in all Itelmen settlements. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Generally, young men seeking marriage joined the village of their wife. Steller describes a great variation of dialects from river to river, as the Itelmen predominantly communicated with communities which shared the river.[4]. [4], Steller cites anecdotal evidence of several Russian forays into Kamchatka prior to the arrival of Vladimir Atlasov. The Itelmen language (ethnonym: Itelmen) is distantly related to Chukchi and Koryak, forming the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family, but it is now virtually extinct, the vast majority of ethnic Itelmens being native speakers of Russian. In the summer months, each family in the village lived in their own house, rather than sharing a large house as in winter. Thus an expedition to the southern tip of the peninsula and onto the Kuril Islands was conducted, led by Danila Antsiferov and Ivan Kozyrevsky. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. Atlasov began his conquest of Kamchatka by sending Luka Morozko on reconnaissance foray in 1695, and embarked himself a year later with 120 men, half of which were Yukakghir auxiliaries, to gather tribute and to annex the region for the crown [Benson].